Osteoarthritis of the knee
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Osteoarthritis of the knee, also known as knee osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage in the knee joint gradually breaks down. It is common in people over 50 years of age, but can also affect younger people, often after an injury or prolonged strain. Osteoarthritis affects both mobility and quality of life and can develop slowly over time. Understanding the symptoms, causes and how to treat and manage the condition is crucial to living an active and pain-free life.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis in the knee
The most common signs that you have knee osteoarthritis are:
- Pain in the knee, especially when walking, standing, or putting weight on the joint
- Stiffness, often evident after rest or in the morning
- Sounds in the knee such as cracking or popping when moving
- Swelling or tenderness around the joint, sometimes related to inflammation
- Reduced mobility – it may feel difficult to bend or extend the knee
- Pain from exertion when climbing stairs, walking or standing for long periods of time
Causes of osteoarthritis in the knee
Osteoarthritis of the knee develops due to progressive breakdown of joint cartilage and changes in bone structure over a long period of time. Age is one of the main risk factors, as cartilage naturally wears down over time. Previous injuries, such as meniscus or cruciate ligament injuries, also increase the risk. In overweight people, the knee joint is exposed to higher loads, which accelerates the development of osteoarthritis. Genetic factors may make some people more prone to osteoarthritis. Occupations or leisure activities with repetitive knee movements, such as heavy work or high squats, have also been linked to the risk. Osteoarthritis is therefore the result of long-term overload and biological degradation.
Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
After diagnosis, conservative treatment is first initiated, as surgery is only relevant in severe cases. Targeted strength training for the knee and hip is central and can reduce pain through improved stability and support. Physiotherapy is often supplemented with exercises for balance and flexibility. Regular physical activity such as walking, cycling or swimming can also help, as movement stimulates the cartilage's nutrient supply. If necessary, pain-relieving drugs such as paracetamol are used, but long-term use should be assessed by a doctor, especially if there is a risk of side effects. In some cases, cortisone or hyaluronic acid injections directly into the joint help, which can relieve the symptoms for a few months. Complementary aids such as knee supports and weight-bearing shoes provide stability and reduce the load during everyday activities. Surgery is only considered if the pain severely limits life and other measures are not enough.
Return to activity and prevention
Continuity is key with osteoarthritis. Avoid sitting still – move regularly and vary activities to protect the knee joint. Knee supports provide extra support when under strain and are particularly useful when walking or playing sports. Wearing ergonomically designed shoes with good cushioning protects the joints. Regular follow-ups with a physiotherapist ensure that the training is effective. Weight loss if overweight provides direct relief from the strain. Small changes in everyday life, such as using the stairs instead of the elevator alternately, strengthen muscles and joints in the long term.
When is surgery needed?
Despite careful conservative treatment, pain often persists. In cases of severe osteoarthritis that impairs quality of life, an orthopedist may often recommend knee replacement or other surgical procedures. Surgery can provide good results for pain relief and function, but rehabilitation is long and requires patience. Decisions about surgery are based on individual assessment and desired effect.
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How do I know if I have osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is diagnosed through symptoms, physical examination and often X-rays. Typical signs are pain, stiffness and noise in the knee when moving.
Can osteoarthritis get worse if I exercise?
No, regular, gentle exercise strengthens the knee and reduces strain. Avoid painful movements and consult a physiotherapist.
Can I avoid surgery?
Many people can manage without surgery with the right exercise, weight control and care. Surgery is usually only considered when the symptoms are severe and affect everyday life.
Do cortisone injections work?
They can provide good, temporary pain relief for up to a few months, but should be used sparingly due to the risk of developing joint disease.
